Potentiating support with expandable framework

ABSTRACT

A potentiating support for an area of a body includes a framework having a surface for abutment with an area of a body. The framework defines a plurality of permanent openings in the surface regardless of whether the surface is in abutment with the area of the body, the openings extending completely through and being bounded by the framework. Furthermore, the framework, along its entire boundary with at least one of the openings, is elastically stretchable between a first initial state and extended states and, when expanded to an extended state, the framework stores potential energy that is released as kinetic energy upon its return to the initial state. The support also includes a fastening mechanism connected at multiple points proximate each of opposite sides of the framework for applying tension at each of the multiple points for tensioning the framework&#39;s surface in abutment with the area of the body.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation-in-part patent application ofU.S. nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 11/058,109 filed Feb.15, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference. The presentapplication also is a nonprovisional patent application of, and claimspriority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to each of: U.S. provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 60/590,852, filed Jul. 22, 2004, which isincorporated herein by reference; U.S. provisional patent applicationSer. No. 60/590,946, filed Jul. 22, 2004, which is incorporated hereinby reference; and U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No.60/637,026, filed Dec. 17, 2004, which is incorporated herein byreference.

COPYRIGHT STATEMENT

All of the material in this patent document is subject to copyrightprotection under the copyright laws of the United States and othercountries. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimilereproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure,as it appears in official governmental records but, otherwise, all othercopyright rights whatsoever are reserved.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Joint fatigue, pain, and instability are common conditions of active andaging people. This is especially true with regard to hinge joints of thebody, including the knee joint and the elbow joint. Such joint ailmentsoften can be attributed to damages and degenerative wear in the contactsurfaces of bone ends meeting at the joint. External support in theseareas of the body can help address joint fatigue, pain, and/orinstability and, generally, external support in various areas of thebody can serve to address many different conditions. One or more aspectsof the invention provides such support. Moreover, one or more aspects ofthe invention even augments motion about joints and, in particular,about hinge joints.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to various supports for the body and, with respectto certain embodiments, the invention relates to potentiating supportsfor hinge joints of the body. Indeed, certain supports are designed forthe area of the knee and other supports are designed for the area of theelbow. These supports of the invention are useful for injury treatmentor prevention, rehabilitation, and motion enhancement. For example, apreferred potentiating support for the knee provides a secure fittingand comfortable knee brace for the purposes of supporting kneealignment, comfort, and protection in the activities of daily living,athletics, and working and in the treatment or rehabilitation of aninjured or ailing knee, all the while providing joint motion assistancefor performance enhancement in everyday and athletic activities. In thisregard, kinetic energy is stored and returned for use to assist the bodyin its natural knee movement in a preferred knee support of the presentinvention. Other preferred supports of the present invention includeclothing have expandable and recoverable frameworks for support of areasof the body. Embodiments of these supports, as well as aspects andfeatures of the invention, are set forth below and in the detaileddescription section herein.

First Aspect of the Invention

A first aspect of the invention generally relates to a support for anarea of a body. Broadly described, the support includes an elasticallystretchable framework for abutment with the area of the body and afastening mechanism for securing the framework in its abutment with thearea of the body. The framework defines a plurality of permanentopenings therein regardless of whether the framework is secured inabutment with the area of the body. Furthermore, the fastening mechanismis connected to and applies tension at points proximate a perimeter ofthe framework such that the framework is expanded and tensioned in itsabutment with the area of the body.

More specifically described, the framework of the support extends ingenerally first and second directions to define a surface of theframework for abutment with the area of the body when the framework issecured by the fastening mechanism. In particular, this surface of theframework is intended to abut an area of the body when the support isworn, such as a portion of an arm, leg, or torso. With reference to acylindrical coordinate system, the framework of the support generallyextends in a first axial direction and in a second circumferentialdirection to define a surface of the framework. The fastening mechanismfurther is connected to and applies tension at points along theframework, whereby the framework is expanded. Accordingly, the surfaceof the framework is tensioned in its abutment with the area of the bodywhen the support is worn. Because the framework elastically stretches inits expansion in the axial and circumferential directions, the surfaceof the framework is generally shaped to fit an area of a leg, arm, ortorso in its abutting engagement.

Continuing this description, the framework defines a plurality ofpermanent openings in the surface thereof regardless of whether theframework is secured with the surface in abutment with the area of thebody. In this regard, the framework of the support comprises a structureof interconnected portions that define openings therein regardless ofwhether the support actually is worn. The interconnected portionscompletely bounding at least one of the openings are substantiallysimilar in thickness and cross-section and, preferably, include anon-planar cross-section. This is in contrast to conventional wraps, inwhich a length of fabric that may be wrapped about the body for supportmay form a temporary framework having temporary openings. The frameworkand openings conventionally defined by the wrapped fabric are temporarybecause the framework and openings do not persist when the fabric isunwrapped. In contrast, the framework of this aspect is permanent, andopenings defined therein are permanent, because neither the frameworknor the openings are dependent upon the support actually being worn. Theinterconnected structure is permanent and, thus, the framework andopenings defined by the structure are permanent.

The fastening mechanism generally secures the framework to the area ofthe body by partially or completely encircling the body with thesupport. In a feature of this aspect, the support only partiallyencircles the body when the framework is in abutment with the area ofthe body. Alternatively, the support fully encircles the body when theframework is in abutment with the area of the body.

In additional features of this aspect, a plurality of segments ormembers define the framework, with each of the members comprising agenerally linear segment of an elastomeric material. The framework thuscomprises a network of interconnected, generally linear members.Moreover, the members may be integrally formed through a conventionalmolding process. Alternatively, the members may be formed from theinterconnection of preformed members. The permanent openings defined bythe framework may have different configurations and dimensions,including oval and polygonal shapes, but the openings overall preferablyare symmetrically disposed about an axis of symmetry of the framework.

In another feature of this aspect, openings in the surface of theframework do not extend entirely through the framework, thereby formingcavities in the surface. Alternatively, the surface in which theopenings are defined comprises an inner surface of the support fordisposition toward the body, and the openings extend completely throughthe framework to an outer surface of the framework. A benefit of theopenings extending from inner to outer surfaces of the framework is thatthese openings may permit portions of the area of the body that are inabutting engagement with the framework to breathe, especially where theinner surface directly contacts the body and no intermediate memberextends there between, such as a liner. The area of the openings in thesurface of the framework to the surface area of the framework preferablyhas an “open air ratio” of 50% or greater.

In an additional feature of this aspect, the fastening mechanismincludes a first fastening component connected to a first said side ofthe framework and another fastening component connected to a second saidside of the framework. The two fastening components removably fastendirectly to one another to fully encircle the body with the support andto secure the surface of the framework in its abutment with the area ofthe body. Alternatively, a band, sleeve, or clothing (hereinaftergenerally referred to as “garment”) is disposed proximate (i.e., at ornear) the area of the body, and the two fastening components each isadapted to removably fasten directly to the garment in order to at leastpartially encircle the body with the support and to secure the surfaceof the framework in its abutment with the area of the body. Furthermore,a portion of the garment may comprise a liner extending between theframework and the area of the body with which the framework abuts. Ifthe garment comprises clothing, the garment may include, for example, ashirt, pants, or jumpsuit. Fastening of the fastening components may beaccomplished through any fasteners or fastening means including, forexample, cohesives; adhesives; hooks and loops for hook-and-loopcoupling; one or more buttons and a row of button-holes to provideadjustable and removable coupling; hook and eye fasteners; press-studsarrangements; laces and holes; holed belts and buckles; zippers;staples; tacks; clasps; toggles; and threaded connectors andturnbuckles, and the like and any equivalents thereof. The oppositesides to which the fastening components are connected may comprise areasthat are generally proximate to the edges of the framework.

In an alternative to the aforementioned feature, the fastening mechanismincludes first and second components connected to a first said side ofthe framework and third and fourth components connected to a second saidside of the framework. The first and the third components removablyfasten directly to one another, and the second and fourth componentsremovably fasten directly to one another, to fully encircle the bodywith the support and to secure the surface of the framework in itsabutment with the area of the body. Alternatively, a garment is wornabout the area of the body, and the fastening components each is adaptedto removably fasten directly to the garment in order to at leastpartially encircle the body with the support and to secure the surfaceof the framework in its abutment with the area of the body. Furthermore,a portion of the garment may comprise a liner extending between theframework and the area of the body with which the framework abuts. Ifthe garment comprises clothing, the garment may include, for example, ashirt, pants, or jumpsuit. Fastening of the fastening components may beaccomplished through fasteners. The opposite sides to which thefastening members are connected may comprise edges of the framework orareas generally proximate to the edges of the framework.

In another feature of this aspect, the framework extends across a jointof the body, and, because of its overall elastic stretchability, theframework stores energy as the joint is flexed and the frameworkreleases the stored energy as the joint is extended. In particular, theframework preferably includes one or more expandable and recoverableportions or members that, as the joint is flexed, are increasinglytensioned and lengthen, thereby storing kinetic energy as potentialenergy; and that, as the joint is extended, are decreasingly tensionedand shortened, thereby releasing potential energy as kinetic energy.

In yet another feature of this aspect, the support may include one ormore additional tensioning members for adjustably applying additionaltension to the framework. Such an additional tensioning memberpreferably comprises a crank having tensioning lines that are attachedto the framework for adjustably applying additional tension to theframework for elastically stretching the framework in controlled,defined increments.

In still yet additional features of this aspect, the framework of thesupport is exposed ( i.e., not covered); has no internal cavity (i.e.,solid); and includes a generally four-sided perimeter.

Second Aspect of the Invention

A second aspect of the invention relates to a method of donning asupport for an area of a body. The method includes the steps ofpositioning an elastically stretchable framework in abutment with anarea of a body; applying tension at points along opposite sides of theframework such that the framework is expanded and the surface of theframework is tensioned in its abutment with the area of the body; andsecuring the tensioned framework in its forced abutment with the area ofthe body using a fastening mechanism. The framework defines a pluralityof permanent openings therein regardless of whether the support isdonned.

In a feature of this aspect, the fastening mechanism applies tension atpoints along opposite sides of the framework, and an amount of tensionapplied to a first portion or member of the framework extending from apoint along a said side of the framework differs from an amount oftension applied to a second portion or member of the framework extendingfrom another point along the same said side of the framework. In asimilar feature, the fastening mechanism applies tension at points alongopposite sides of the framework, and an amount of tension applied to afirst group of members extending from a point along a said side of theframework differs from an amount of tension applied to a second group ofmembers extending from another point along the same said side of theframework.

In yet another feature of this aspect of the invention, the step ofpositioning the framework in abutment with the area of the body includesthe step of slipping the support over a terminal end of an arm or leg ofthe body, such as pulling the support over a hand or foot.Alternatively, step of positioning the framework in abutment with thearea of the body includes the step of wrapping the support over the areaof the body without slipping the support over a terminal end of a leg orarm of the body.

Third Aspect of the Invention

A third aspect of the invention generally relates to a support for anarea of a body. Broadly described, the support includes an elasticallystretchable framework, a garment, and a fastening mechanism that securesthe framework to the area of the body when the support is worn. Theframework defines a plurality of permanent openings therein regardlessof whether the framework is secured in its abutment with the area of thebody. Furthermore, the fastening mechanism applies tension at pointssuch that said framework is expanded and tensioned in its abutment withthe area of the body. The fastening mechanism of this aspect furtherworks in conjunction with the garment. The garment is worn proximate thearea of the body with which the surface of the framework abuts, and thefastening mechanism fastens directly to the garment.

More specifically described, the framework of the support extends ingenerally first and second directions to define a surface of theframework for abutment with the area of the body when the framework issecured by the fastening mechanism. In particular, this surface of theframework is intended to abut an area of the body when the support isworn, such as a portion of an arm, leg, or torso. With reference to acylindrical coordinate system, the framework of the support generallyextends in a first axial direction and in a second circumferentialdirection to define a surface of the framework. The fastening mechanismfurther is connected to and applies tension at points along theframework, whereby the framework is expanded. Accordingly, the surfaceof the framework is tensioned in its abutment with the area of the bodywhen the support is worn. Because the framework elastically extends inaxial and circumferential directions, the surface of the framework isgenerally shaped to fit an area of a leg, arm, or torso in its abuttingengagement.

Continuing this description, the framework defines a plurality ofpermanent openings in the surface thereof regardless of whether theframework is secured with the surface in abutment with the area of thebody. In this regard, the framework of the support defines openingstherein regardless of whether the support actually is worn. Theframework is permanent, and the openings defined therein are permanent,because neither the framework nor the openings are dependent upon thesupport actually being worn. The structure is permanent and, thus, theframework and openings defined by the structure are permanent.

In an additional feature of this aspect, the fastening mechanismincludes a first component connected to a first of the opposite sides ofthe framework and a second component connected to a second of theopposite sides of the framework, and each of the fastening components isadapted to removably fasten to the garment. Alternatively, the fasteningmechanism includes first and second components connected to a first ofthe opposite sides of the framework and third and fourth componentsconnected to a second of the opposite sides of the framework, and eachof these fastening components is adapted to removably fasten to thegarment.

The garment comprises a band, sleeve, or clothing. The garmentpreferably is designed to extend about an area of an arm, leg, or torsoof the body.

In a feature of this aspect, a portion of the garment comprises a linerfor the framework. Moreover, the liner may be attached directly to theframework, may be indirectly attached to the framework, or may not beattached to the framework other than through fastening of the fasteningcomponents to the garment. The liner also may define openings thereinthat extend there through, thereby permitting ventilation of the area ofthe body with which the framework abuts. Moreover, the configuration ofthe openings in the liner may correspond and register with aconfiguration of the openings in the framework. In lieu of openings inthe liner, or in addition thereto, the liner may be formed from amaterial that is permeable to air.

Fourth Aspect of the Invention

A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a method of donning asupport for an area of a body. The method includes the steps of:positioning a garment proximate an area of a body; positioning aframework in abutment with the area of the body; applying tension atpoints of attachment to the framework whereby the framework is expandedand the framework is tensioned in its abutment with the area of thebody; and fastening each of the fastening components to the garmentwhile applying tension to the framework to secure the tensionedframework in its forced abutment with the area of the body. Theframework defines a plurality of permanent openings therein regardlessof whether the support is donned, and tension is applied by pulling onone or more fastening components that are anchored at one or more pointsto the framework.

Fifth Aspect of the Invention

A fifth aspect of the invention relates to a support for an area of abody and, in particular, to clothing having such a support. The clothingis dimensioned to fit a body. The support includes a framework that isattached to a portion of the clothing for abutment with and support ofthe area of the body when the clothing is worn. The framework defines aplurality of openings in the surface that preferably extend completelythrough the framework.

The clothing may comprises a sleeve such as, for example, an elbowsleeve, a forearm sleeve, a shin sleeve, a shirt, pants, or a jumpsuit.The clothing may be woven or knit, for example, and may be formed fromcotton or a synthetic material such as nylon or polyester. Moreover, theclothing itself may be elastically stretchable. The framework isattached to the clothing by welding such as, for example, by plasticizedwelding or elastomeric welding. Additionally, the framework may beattached to the clothing by an adhesive or by sewing.

In a feature of this aspect, the framework extends over and ispermanently attached to the clothing whereby the framework does notdirectly contact the area of the body. In this regard, a portion of theclothing (which extends beneath the framework) comprises a liner of thesurface of the framework. The liner may be permeable to air, and theliner may define openings therein for exposing part of the supportedarea of the body. If the liner includes openings, then the openings inthe liner preferably register with the openings in the framework forexposing portions of the supported area when the clothing is worn.

In another feature of this aspect, the opening of the framework isdimensioned to receive extending therein a joint protuberance of thebody, such as a joint protuberance of an elbow or knee.

In yet additional features of this aspect, the framework comprises aunitary construction of a variable density material; and, the frameworkcomprises an integral piece molded from elastomeric material. Moreover,the integral piece may include, molded therein, one or more separatelymolded pieces serving as strut members, and the strut members mayinclude openings therein.

In another feature of the present invention, the framework comprises aplurality of expandable and recoverable members. Furthermore, at leastone of the expandable members is arranged to increasingly be tensionedand lengthen, thereby storing kinetic energy as potential energy, as ajoint of the body is flexed; and is arranged to decreasingly betensioned and shorten, thereby releasing potential energy as kineticenergy, as the joint is extended.

Sixth Aspect of the Invention

A sixth aspect of the invention relates to a support for an area of abody that includes a liner. In particular, the support includes anelastically stretchable framework, a fastening mechanism for securingthe framework in abutment with the area of the body by generallyencircling the body by the support, and a liner attached to theframework for disposition between the framework and the area of the bodyto be supported. The framework defines a plurality of permanent openingsthat extend completely through the framework. The fastening mechanism isconnected to and applies tension at points along opposite sides of theframework such that the framework is expanded into tensioned abutmentwith the area of the body. In accordance with this aspect of theinvention, the liner defines at least two openings that register withthe openings in the surface of the framework for exposing the area ofthe body to be supported. The liner may be woven or knit, and may beformed from cotton or a synthetic material, such as nylon or polyester.

In features of this aspect, the liner is permanently attached to theframework such as, for example, by plasticized welding or elastomericwelding; the liner is attached to the framework by an adhesive; and theliner is attached to the framework by sewing.

In another feature of this aspect, the liner does not include an openingfor every opening in the framework, whereby a portion of the liner isexposed through an opening in the framework.

In another feature, the liner is permeable to air.

In still yet another feature of this aspect, both a particular openingin the framework and a particular opening in the liner registering withthe particular opening in the framework are dimensioned to receivetherein a joint protuberance of the body when the support extendsacross, i.e., spans, a joint of the body. The joint may comprise anelbow or a knee. The particular openings through which the jointprotuberance is received serves to maintain the support in a properorientation relative to the joint when the support is worn.

In another feature of this aspect, the support includes a sleeve and theliner comprises a portion of the sleeve that extends proximate thesurface of the framework. Furthermore, the portion of the sleevedefining the liner may be attached to the framework about a perimeter ofthe portion of the sleeve. Additionally, the sleeve may include a bandthat extends between and that is attached to opposite sides of theframework. Moreover, the fastening mechanism may include fasteningcomponents attached to the framework, and the fastening components maybe adapted to be removably fastened to the band.

Seventh Aspect of the Invention

A seventh aspect of the invention relates to a support for an area of abody having an alignment opening for orientation of the support relativeto a joint protuberance of the body. In accordance with this aspect, thesupport includes an elastically stretchable framework for abutment withthe area of the body and a fastening mechanism for securing theframework in its abutment with the area of the body by generallyencircling the body by the support. The framework defines a plurality ofpermanent openings regardless of whether the surface is in abutment withthe area of the body. The fastening mechanism is connected to andapplies tension at points along opposite sides of the framework suchthat the framework is expanded into tensioned abutment with the area ofthe body. A particular opening of the framework is an alignment openingthat extends completely through the framework and is dimensioned toreceive therein a joint protuberance of the body. The alignment openingserves to maintain the support in a proper orientation relative to thejoint when the support is worn.

In features of this aspect, the alignment opening is symmetricallydisposed about an axis extending along the first direction and thealignment opening is disposed generally equidistant from edges of theopposite sides of the framework that extend along the first direction.Furthermore, out of the openings defined in the framework, the alignmentopening preferably comprises the largest opening that is defined by theframework.

In still yet another feature, the support includes an elasticallystretchable liner attached to the framework for disposition between thesurface of the framework and the area of the body to be supported, andthe alignment opening is dimensioned to receive there through the jointprotuberance covered by the liner. Alternatively, the liner defines anopening that registers with the alignment opening of the framework, andthe joint protuberance extends within both the opening in the liner aswell as the alignment opening in the framework.

In another feature of this aspect, the support further includes analignment member that can be disposed between the framework and body forreceiving therein the joint protuberance. The alignment member iscontoured to receive the joint protuberance and, preferably, thealignment member comprises a ring whereby pressure is applied to thesupported area of the body by the alignment ring along a perimeter ofthe alignment member.

The alignment member may be removably positionable between a liner andthe surface of the framework, and the framework and the alignment memberpreferably are adapted for insertion and withdrawal of the alignmentmember through the alignment opening, even when the support is donned.The alignment member further may be dimensioned to at least partiallyextend within the alignment opening of the framework when the jointprotuberance is received by the alignment member. The alignment memberalso preferably includes a portion contoured to receive part of theframework for securing the alignment member relative to the alignmentopening, and preferably includes fingers that extend within a pluralityof the openings in the framework for securing the alignment memberrelative to the alignment opening.

Alternatively, the liner is adapted to secure the alignment member inregistry with the alignment opening at a surface of the liner facingaway from the framework. In this regard, the liner preferably includes apocket in which the alignment member is received for securing thealignment member in registry with the alignment opening, the linerextending between the alignment opening and the alignment member.

Eighth Aspect of the Invention

An eighth aspect of the invention relates to a support for an area of abody that includes a removable member for receiving a joint protuberanceof the body. In accordance with this aspect, the support includes anelastically stretchable framework for abutment with the area of the bodyand a fastening mechanism for securing the framework. The frameworkdefines a permanent opening therein regardless of whether the support isdonned. The permanent opening extends completely through the framework.The fastening mechanism is connected to and applies tension at pointsalong opposite sides of the framework such that the framework isexpanded and tensioned in its abutment with the area of the body. Amember that is separate and removable from the framework is positionableproximate to the permanent opening of the framework for dispositionbetween the permanent opening of the framework and the area of the bodyto be supported. The removable member is specifically contoured toreceive a joint protuberance of the body, such as a protuberance of aknee or an elbow.

In various features of this aspect, the permanent opening in theframework is symmetrically disposed about the opposite sides of theframework; the permanent opening is dimensioned to receive aprotuberance of the knee and comprises a patellar ring; the permanentopening is dimensioned to receive a protuberance of the elbow; theremovable member comprises an alignment ring that applies pressure tothe supported area of the body along a perimeter of the alignment ring;and the removable member extends within the permanent opening in theframework.

In another feature of this aspect, the framework comprisesinterconnected members that define a plurality of permanent openings inaddition to the first permanent opening, and the removable member isfurther contoured to receive an interconnected member of the frameworkfor securing the removable member relative to the first permanentopening during abutment of the framework with the body. In this regard,the removable member extends within the first permanent opening of theframework.

In yet another feature of this aspect, the framework defines a pluralityof permanent openings in addition to the first permanent opening, andthe removable member extends within the additional openings of theframework for securing an orientation of the removable member relativeto the first permanent opening during abutment of the framework with thebody. In this regard, the removable member may include fingers thatextend within the additional openings for securing the removable memberin an orientation relative to the first permanent opening of theframework.

In still yet another feature of this aspect, the support includes aliner attached to the framework for disposition between the surface ofthe framework and the area of the body to be supported, and the linerincludes a pocket in which the removable member is received for securingthe removable member relative to the framework. Alternatively, thesupport includes a liner attached to the framework for dispositionbetween the surface of the framework and the area of the body to besupported, and the removable member is disposed between the liner andthe surface of the framework. In this regard, the framework and theremovable member preferably are adapted for insertion and withdrawal ofthe removable member through the permanent opening in the framework,even when the support is donned.

Ninth Aspect of the Invention

A ninth aspect of the invention relates to a support for an area of abody having struts for increased rigidity in selected areas of anotherwise elastically stretchable framework of the support. Inaccordance with this aspect, a support for an area of a body includes anelastically stretchable framework and a fastening mechanism for securingthe framework in its abutment by generally encircling the body by thesupport. The framework extends in generally first and second directionsto define a surface of the framework for abutment with the area of thebody. The fastening mechanism is connected to and applies tension atpoints of attachment disposed along opposite sides of the framework thatextend in the first direction such that the framework is expanded in thesecond direction and the surface of the framework is tensioned in itsabutment with the area of the body. Strut members extend generally inthe first direction to increase rigidity of the sides of the frameworkalong the first direction. Moreover, with reference to cylindricalcoordinates, the first direction preferably comprises an axial directionand the second direction preferably comprises a circumferentialdirection.

The strut members are attached to, or embedded in, the framework or tothe fastening mechanism, or are formed as part of the framework. Ifattached to the framework or to the fastening mechanism, the strutmembers may be attached through welding, including either plasticized orelastomeric welding. The strut members also may be attached by adheringthe strut members.

In features of this aspect, a strut member has a cross-sectionaldimension that varies along the strut member in the first direction; astrut member includes a middle portion and two end portions, wherein across-sectional area of the middle portion is less than thecross-sectional area of either end portions, whereby the strut member ismore flexible in the middle portion than along the end portions; a strutmember includes a middle portion thereof that is more susceptible tohinging movement than other portions thereof; and a strut member has adensity that varies along the first direction, decreasing toward themiddle portion, such that the strut member is more flexible in themiddle portion than along the end portions.

In another feature of this aspect, the framework comprisesinterconnected portions, segments or members formed from an elastomericmaterial, each strut member is formed from an elastomeric material, andelastic members forming the framework have a greater elasticstretchability than the elastic stretchability of the strut members.Furthermore, the framework may comprise an integral piece formed in aconventional molding process, or may comprise preformed members that areconnected together. The framework also may comprises an integral piecemolded from elastomeric material that includes, separately molded andembedded therein, one or more pieces constituting strut members.

In addition to the aforementioned aspects and features of the invention,it should be noted that the invention further includes the variouspossible combinations of such aspects and features. Instances of suchcombinations are illustrated in the detailed description set forthbelow, for example.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Several embodiments of the invention will now be described in detailwith reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein similar elementsare referred to with similar reference numerals.

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of components of a first support in accordancewith an aspect of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of a component of the first supportin accordance with an aspect of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a rear elevational view of the component of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of the first support.

FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the support of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a rear elevational view of the support of FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a front elevational view of a component of a second support inaccordance with an aspect of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a back elevational view of a variation of the component ofFIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a front elevational view of the second support.

FIG. 10 is top plan view of components of a third support in accordancewith an aspect of the invention.

FIG. 11 is a front elevational view of the third support.

FIG. 12 is another front elevational view of the third support.

FIG. 13 is a side elevational view of the third support.

FIG. 14 is another side elevational view of the third support.

FIG. 15 is a side elevational view of the third support when not donned.

FIG. 16 is a back elevational view of the third support when not donned.

FIG. 17 is another back elevational view of the third support when notdonned.

FIG. 18 is a front elevational view of a fourth support in accordancewith an aspect of the invention.

FIG. 19 is another front elevational view of the fourth support.

FIG. 20 is a back elevational view of the fourth support.

FIG. 21 is another back elevational view of the fourth support.

FIG. 22A is a back plan view of the fourth support.

FIG. 22B is a back plan view of an alternative feature of the fourthsupport.

FIG. 23 is a front plan view of a fifth support in accordance with anaspect of the invention.

FIG. 24 is a front elevational view of the fifth support in a relaxedposition.

FIG. 25 is a front elevational view of the fifth support in a flexedposition.

FIG. 26 is a front plan view of a sixth support in accordance with anaspect of the invention.

FIG. 27 is a back plan view of the sixth support.

FIG. 28 is a front plan view of components of the sixth support.

FIG. 29 is a back plan view of components of the sixth support.

FIG. 29A is a schematic view of a particular arrangement of elastomericsegments of a framework in accordance with one or more preferredembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of an anterior side of a component of thesixth support.

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a posterior side of the component ofFIG. 30.

FIG. 32 is a top plan view of the anterior side of the component of FIG.30.

FIG. 33 is a back plan view of the anterior side of the component ofFIG. 30.

FIG. 34 is a back plan view of a seventh support in accordance with anaspect of the invention.

FIG. 35 is a back plan view of an eighth support in accordance with anaspect of the invention.

FIG. 36 is a front plan view of the eighth support.

FIG. 37 is a front elevational view of a ninth support in accordancewith an aspect of the invention.

FIG. 38 is another front elevational view of the ninth support of FIG.37.

FIG. 39 is a rear elevational view of a tenth support in accordance withan aspect of the invention.

FIG. 40 is a front elevational view of an eleventh support in accordancewith an aspect of the invention.

FIG. 41 is a perspective view of a twelfth support in accordance with anaspect of the invention.

FIG. 42 is a perspective view of a thirteenth support in accordance withan aspect of the invention.

FIG. 43 is a perspective view of a fourteenth support in accordance withan aspect of the invention.

FIG. 44 is a perspective view of a fifteenth support in accordance withan aspect of the invention.

FIG. 45 is a perspective view of a sixteenth support in accordance withan aspect of the invention.

FIG. 46 is a perspective view of a seventeenth support in accordancewith an aspect of the invention.

FIG. 47 is a perspective view of an eighteenth support in accordancewith an aspect of the invention.

FIG. 48 is a front elevational view of a framework of a nineteenthsupport in accordance with an aspect of the invention, which nineteenthsupport is shown in FIG. 54.

FIG. 49 is a rear elevational view of the framework of FIG. 48.

FIG. 50 is an isometric view of the front of the framework of FIG. 48.

FIG. 51 is an enlarged view of a portion of the front of the frameworkof FIG. 48.

FIG. 52 is an elevational view of the front of a fastening mechanism ofthe nineteenth support shown in FIG. 54.

FIG. 53 is a front elevational view of a variation of the framework ofFIG. 48.

FIG. 54 is a front elevational view of a nineteenth support inaccordance with an aspect of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

As a preliminary matter, it will readily be understood by one havingordinary skill in the relevant art (“Ordinary Artisan”) that theinvention is susceptible of broad utility and application. Furthermore,any embodiment discussed and identified as being “preferred” isconsidered to be part of a best mode contemplated for carrying out oneor more aspects of the invention. Other embodiments also may bediscussed for additional illustrative purposes in providing a full andenabling disclosure of the invention. Moreover, many embodiments, suchas adaptations, variations, modifications, and equivalent arrangements,will be implicitly disclosed by the embodiments described herein andfall within the scope of the invention.

Accordingly, while the invention is described herein in detail inrelation to one or more embodiments, it is to be understood that thisdisclosure is illustrative and exemplary of the invention, and is mademerely for the purposes of providing a full and enabling disclosure ofthe invention. The detailed disclosure herein of one or more embodimentsis not intended, nor is to be construed, to limit the scope of patentprotection afforded the invention, which scope is to be defined by theclaims and the equivalents thereof. It is not intended that the scope ofpatent protection afforded the invention be defined by reading into anyclaim a limitation found herein that does not explicitly appear in theclaim itself.

Thus, for example, any sequence(s) and/or temporal order of steps ofvarious processes or methods that are described herein are illustrativeand not restrictive. Accordingly, it should be understood that, althoughsteps of various processes or methods may be shown and described asbeing in a sequence or temporal order, the steps of any such processesor methods are not limited to being carried out in any particularsequence or order, absent a clear indication otherwise. Indeed, thesteps in such processes or methods generally may be carried out invarious different sequences and orders while still falling within thescope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the scope ofpatent protection afforded the invention is to be defined by theappended claims rather than the description set forth herein.

Additionally, it is important to note that each term used herein refersto that which the Ordinary Artisan would understand such term to meanbased on the contextual use of such term herein. To the extent that themeaning of a term used herein—as understood by the Ordinary Artisanbased on the contextual use of such term—differs in any way from anyparticular dictionary definition of such term, it is intended that themeaning of the term as understood by the Ordinary Artisan shouldprevail.

Furthermore, it is important to note that, as used herein, “a” and “an”each generally denotes “at least one,” but does not exclude a pluralityunless the contextual use dictates otherwise. Thus, reference to “apicnic basket having an apple” describes “a picnic basket having atleast one apple” as well as “a picnic basket having apples.” Incontrast, reference to “a picnic basket having a single apple” describes“a picnic basket having only one apple.”

When used herein to join a list of items, “or” denotes “at lease one ofthe items,” but does not exclude a plurality of items of the list. Thus,reference to “a picnic basket having cheese or crackers” describes “apicnic basket having cheese without crackers” , “a picnic basket havingcrackers without cheese” , and “a picnic basket having both cheese andcrackers.” Finally, when used herein to join a list of items, “and”denotes “all of the items of the list.” Thus, reference to “a picnicbasket having cheese and crackers” describes “a picnic basket havingcheese, wherein the picnic basket further has crackers,” as well asdescribes “a picnic basket having crackers, wherein the picnic basketfurther has cheese.”

General Characteristics of Inventive Supports

In accordance with the invention, many of the inventive supports eachincludes a framework having a surface for abutment with an area of abody. The framework extends in generally first and second directions todefine a surface of the framework for abutment with the area of thebody. With reference to a cylindrical coordinate system, the frameworkof the support generally extends in a first axial direction and in asecond circumferential direction to define the surface of the framework,which is intended to abut an area of the body when the support is worn,such as a portion of an arm, leg, or torso. Because the frameworkextends in axial and circumferential directions, the surface of theframework generally is shaped to fit an area of a leg, arm, or torso inits abutting engagement with the body. Furthermore, in many preferredembodiments, the support spans and supports an area that includes ahinge joint of the body and, in such embodiments, the support comprisesa potentiating support for the hinge joint. As used herein, a “hingejoint” refers to a knee joint or an elbow joint and is characterized inthat the joint provides hinging movement that is generally limited tobeing within a plane.

In further accordance with the invention, the framework is formed fromone or more elastomeric materials such that the framework is expandableand recoverable. As used herein, “elastomeric material” refers to “amaterial that is capable of being easily expanded and resuming formershape.” Something that has the ability to resume its former shape afterexpansion or compression is referred to herein as being “recoverable.”Something that is expandable and recoverable also is referred to hereinas being “elastically stretchable.” This is in contrast to somethingthat is “resilient,” which refers to having “the ability to resume itsformer shape after compression.” Preferably, the framework also isflexible and is capable of conforming to the general area of the body tobe supported without substantial stretching; however, it is contemplatedwithin the invention that the framework may need to be stretched inorder to conform to the general area of the body to be supported. Asused herein, “flexible” refers to “the ability to bend freely andrepeatedly without breaking.”

Still in accordance with the invention, the framework defines at leastone permanent opening in a surface thereof regardless of whether thesupport is donned and regardless of whether the surface of the frameworkis in abutment with the area of the body to be supported. The at leastone opening is bounded by the framework and, preferably, the at leastone opening extends completely through the framework from an innersurface of the framework, when disposed in abutment with the area of thebody to be supported, to an outer surface of the framework. Furthermore,when the support is donned, the framework along its entire boundary withthe at least one opening is elastically stretchable between a firstinitial state and extended states and, when expanded to a said extendedstate, the framework stores potential energy that is released as kineticenergy upon its return to the initial state. In certain preferredembodiments, interconnected segments of elastomeric material constitutethe framework, with the interconnected segments defining these permanentopenings in the framework. The interconnected segments may be integrallyformed through conventional molding processes or, alternatively, theinterconnected segments may be constructed from the joining of segmentsthat are preformed from elastomeric material. Each segment preferablycomprises a generally linear segment. A benefit of these openingsextending from inner to outer surfaces of the framework is that theseopenings thereby permit ventilation of portions of the area of the bodythat are in abutting engagement with the framework. Indeed, the area ofthe openings to the surface area of the framework preferably has an“open air ratio” of 50% or greater. However, in alternative embodimentsthat are not shown, the openings in the surface of the framework may notextend entirely through the framework. In such embodiments, the openingscomprise cavities formed in the surface of the framework.

With reference to all but the illustrated embodiments of the inventiondiscussed with reference to FIGS. 40-47, each of the illustratedembodiments of the support generally includes both the expandable andrecoverable framework and a fastening mechanism that is connected to andapplies tension at points of attachment to the framework such that theframework is expanded and tensioned in its abutment with the area of thebody. The fastening mechanism generally secures the framework to thearea of the body by partially or completely encircling the body with thesupport. The inventive support in each of these illustrated embodimentsfurther preferably includes struts that provide a degree of rigidity tothe support, especially proximate a perimeter of the framework. In thisregard, the framework—in addition to being flexible and elasticallystretchable—also preferably is “semirigid,” in that the framework is“rigid in some degree or in some parts or portions thereof.” The strutsmay be attached to or integrally formed with the framework. Theframework itself also may be constructed to have a degree of rigiditywhile still being flexible and elastically stretchable in accordancewith the present invention.

Illustrated Embodiments of the Inventive Support

With particular reference to the drawings, various exemplary embodimentsof one or more of the aforementioned aspects of the invention areillustrated.

In this regard, FIGS. 1-6 collectively illustrate a first embodiment ofa support and components thereof in accordance with one or more aspectsof the invention; FIGS. 7-9 collectively illustrate a second embodimentof a support and components thereof in accordance with one or moreaspects of the invention; FIGS. 10-17 collectively illustrate a thirdembodiment of a support and components thereof in accordance with one ormore aspects of the invention; FIGS. 18-21 and 22A collectivelyillustrate a fourth embodiment of a support in accordance with one ormore aspects of the invention while FIG. 22B illustrates a fasteningmechanism varied from that of FIG. 22A; FIGS. 23-25 collectivelyillustrate a fifth embodiment of a support and components thereof inaccordance with one or more aspects of the invention; FIGS. 26-33collectively illustrate a sixth embodiment of a support and componentsthereof in accordance with one or more aspects of the invention; FIG. 34illustrates a seventh embodiment of a support in accordance with one ormore aspects of the invention; FIGS. 35-36 collectively illustrate aneighth embodiment of a support in accordance with one or more aspects ofthe invention; FIGS. 37-38 collectively illustrate a ninth embodiment ofa support in accordance with one or more aspects of the invention; FIG.39 illustrates a tenth embodiment of a support in accordance with one ormore aspects of the invention; FIG. 40 illustrates an eleventhembodiment of a support in accordance with one or more aspects of theinvention; FIG. 41 illustrates a twelfth embodiment of a support inaccordance with one or more aspects of the invention; FIG. 42illustrates a thirteenth embodiment of a support in accordance with oneor more aspects of the invention; FIG. 43 illustrates a fourteenthembodiment of a support in accordance with one or more aspects of theinvention; FIG. 44 illustrates a fifteenth embodiment of a support inaccordance with one or more aspects of the invention; FIG. 45illustrates a sixteenth embodiment of a support in accordance with oneor more aspects of the invention; FIG. 46 illustrates a seventeenthembodiment of a support in accordance with one or more aspects of theinvention; FIG. 47 illustrates an eighteenth embodiment of a support inaccordance with one or more aspects of the invention; FIGS. 48-52 and 54collectively illustrate a nineteenth embodiment of a support andcomponents thereof in accordance with one or more aspects of theinvention; and FIG. 53 illustrates a variation of a component (theframework) of the support of FIG. 54.

The First Embodiment of a Support

With regard to the first embodiment of a support for an area of a body,a flexible and elastically stretchable framework 110 thereof is shown inFIG. 1. The framework 110 comprises generally linear segments or members118 interconnected to define a plurality of permanent openings 120 thatextend completely through the framework. Furthermore, some of theseopenings 120 are completely bounded by the interconnected members 118,and the interconnected members 118 defining such an opening constitute aportion of the framework 110 that is stretchable and recoverable aboutthe entire boundary of the opening with the framework 110. Moreover, theopenings 120 are permanent and exist regardless of whether the framework110 actually is disposed in abutment with the body due to the permanentinterconnection of the members 118 defining the openings 120. Theframework 110 preferably is formed from an elastomeric material in aconventional molding process and, in this particular embodiment, theframework 110 resembles a web. Furthermore, the framework preferablyincludes no internal cavities or pockets of either fluid or gas.

An alignment opening 122 defined and bounded completely byinterconnected members 118 is dimensioned and shaped specifically toreceive a joint protuberance of the body. For example, insofar as theframework 110 is adapted to abut a lower thigh and upper calf of a humanleg, the alignment opening 122 is shaped to receive the patella of theknee of the leg. For further example, insofar as a framework of thepresent invention is adapted for the surface thereof to abut an upperarm and forearm, an alignment opening thereof is shaped to receive anelbow. The alignment opening 122 is symmetrically disposed about an axis124 and is disposed generally equidistant from opposite sides 126,128 ofthe framework 110, which sides extend generally parallel to axis 124.

Another component of the first embodiment of the support is shown inFIGS. 2-3 and comprises a sleeve 130 having a open-ended tubularstructure. In this regard, it will be noted that the sleeve 130 extendsaround and completely encircles the leg. The sleeve 130 further definesa number of openings 132 that generally register with openings 120 ofthe framework 110 (FIG. 1) when the sleeve 130 is disposed between theframework and the area of the body to be supported. The sleeve 130preferably is constructed of a flexible soft planar material. Exemplarymaterials include synthetic and natural fabrics, monolayer andmulti-layered textiles, woven and non-woven planar materials, neoprenebonded to fabric, spandex and elastane, felt, and natural and syntheticchamois.

The first embodiment 1000 of a support is shown assembled in FIGS. 4-6and includes an exposed framework 110 of FIG. 1 and the sleeve 130 ofFIGS. 2-3. As will be appreciated from these figures, the framework ispositioned to span a knee joint of the body. Furthermore, because atleast portions of the framework 110 are elastically stretchable, flexingof the knee from a straightened position results in the expansion of theframework 110 and storage of potential energy therein that is releasedas kinetic energy when the knee is returned to the straightenedposition. In this regard, the embodiment 1000 is not an immobilizingsupport but, instead, is a potentiating support for the area of the bodyincluding the knee joint.

In FIG. 4, a portion of the sleeve 130 is disposed between the framework110 and a leg portion 134 proximate a knee 136 and serves as a liner forthe framework 110. Also as shown in FIG. 4, the alignment opening 122receives there through the patella 137 of the knee. As further shown inFIG. 4, the support includes a surface 116 (FIG. 1) of the framework 110for abutment with the leg portion that generally extends in a firstaxial direction 112 and a second circumferential direction 114 (withreference to a cylindrical coordinate system). Moreover, the firstdirection 112 extends generally along the length of the leg portion andthe second direction extends generally circumferentially about the legportion with the first and second directions being generally orthogonalto one another.

As shown in FIGS. 4-5, strut members 138,139 extend generally along thefirst direction 112 adjacent respective, opposite sides 126,128 of theframework 110. Each strut member 138,139 is formed integrally with andembedded within the framework 110 and, preferably, is molded from anelastomeric material having a greater degree of rigidity than theelastomeric material from which the framework is molded. Furthermore, inthis regard, the framework 110 preferably is molded about andencompasses the strut members 138,139. Each strut member 138,139 therebyserves to provide a degree of rigidity to two sides of the four-sidedperimeter of the framework 110, i.e., provides a measure of rigidityalong the perimeter sides extending in the direction of the length ofthe strut member. Furthermore, strut member 139 includes across-sectional dimension that varies along the strut member such thatthe strut member includes a middle portion 140 that joins opposite endportions 142,144 (FIG. 6). The cross-sectional area of the middleportion 140 is less than the respective cross-sectional areas of the endportions 142,144, whereby the strut member 139 is more flexible in themiddle portion 140 than in the end portions 142,144, during bending ofthe knee. Furthermore, the strut member optionally includes a densitythat varies along the first direction 112 such that the density of themiddle portion 140 is less than the respective densities of the endportions 142,144, whereby the middle portion 140 may be more susceptibleto hinging movement than the other portions of the strut member 139.Strut member 138 disposed at side 126 (FIG. 5) of the framework 110preferably mirrors the construction of the strut member 139, and thestrut members are symmetrically disposed about an axis of symmetry ofthe framework 110. Furthermore, patterns (not shown) may be imprinted inthe strut members that further alter the elastic properties. Similarly,patterns may be imprinted or formed in portions of the framework toalter the elastic stretchability of the framework.

As will be evident from FIGS. 4-6, each strut member 139,140 is locatedalong the axial extent at opposite sides 126,128 of the framework 110 soas to span the hinge joint of the knee, with the middle portion of eachstrut member being disposed proximate the hinge axis of the knee. Eachstrut member and, in particular, its middle portion, preferably isexpandable and recoverable between a first initial state and extendedstates wherein, when expanded to an extended state during flexing of theknee joint, the strut member stores potential energy that is released askinetic energy upon return of the strut member to the initial state.Thus, the embodiment 1000 further comprises a potentiating support forthe area of the body, including the knee joint, for this reason as well.

In further regard to flexing of the knee and the hinging movement of thestrut members, an opening 146 is defined by the sleeve 130 toaccommodate flexing of the knee about the middle portions of the strutmembers (as shown by middle portion 140 of strut member 139 in FIG. 6).This opening 146 minimizes bunching or gathering of the sleeve 130 inthe bend or fold of a flexed joint in order to promote comfort of thewearer of the support. Additional openings 132 in the sleeve 130 (FIG.2) further may be provided in this respect and, as shown in FIGS. 4-5,such openings also may generally register with openings of the framework110, thereby promoting ventilation of the area of the body covered bythe support and providing an increased level of comfort to the wearer ofthe support.

With regard to donning the support, the support is merely wrapped aboutthe area of the body to be supported and either fully or partiallyencircles the body. Furthermore, as will be appreciated from thedrawings, the framework 110 of the support does not overlap itself. Afastening mechanism, now described in detail, is then affixed to thesleeve 130, which presumably has already been donned, for securing thesupport in abutment with the area of the body to be supported.

The support is removably attachable to the sleeve 130 by way of afastening mechanism comprising strip-fasteners 150 and spot-fasteners152 (FIG. 1). Furthermore, each strip fastener 150 and spot-fastener 152itself is attached to the surface 116 of the framework 110, preferablyby being adhered to the surface 116. For example, insofar as the outersurface of the sleeve 130 (FIGS. 2-3) provides loops for engaging hooks,the fasteners 150,152 (FIG. 1) comprise hooks for engaging the loops ofthe sleeve in hook-and-loop couplings. Such hook-and-loop couplingsfastening mechanisms are commonly sold and known by the trademarkVELCRO. Furthermore, in this regard, preferably most of the entire outersurface of the sleeve is provided with loops such that disposition ofthe framework in abutment with the sleeve 130 as shown in FIGS. 4-5readily effects hook-and-loop coupling of the strip-fasteners 150 andspot-fasteners 152 (FIG. 1) of the framework 110 with the outer surfaceof the sleeve 130. Moreover, the orientation of such attachmentpreferably maintains general overlapping of the openings of the sleevewith those of the framework and prevents collapsing, creeping, orbunching of the sleeve as the support is worn throughout flexing of theknee joint.

In addition to the foregoing strip-fasteners 150 and spot-fasteners 152,the fastening mechanism of the support further comprises additionalfastening components, namely, fastening straps 154 having fasteners 156(FIG. 1). Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, the fastening straps 154 areattached to the framework 110 at points of attachment 158 along oppositesides 126,128 of the framework 110. The fasteners 156 are adapted toremovably fasten to the sleeve 130 and, specifically, to the portions ofthe sleeve 130 that are attached to and that extend between the oppositesides 126,128 of the framework 110, such portions of the sleeve 130defining bands 157 a, 157 b (FIG. 6). For example, insofar as the outersurface of the sleeve provides loops for engaging hooks, the fasteners156 comprise hooks for engaging the loops in hook-and-loop couplings. InFIG. 1, the fastening straps 154 are formed integrally with theframework 110 and are unitary therewith though, in other embodiments,the fastening mechanism is removably attached to the framework 110 suchas, for example, through D-rings. The D-rings may be formed integrallywith the framework or with strut members attached to the framework.

Utilizing the fastening mechanism of the support, the framework 110 canbe tensioned in its abutment with the body and, moreover, the tensionwith which the surface of the framework is disposed in abutment with thearea of the body to be supported can be adjusted as desired. Whendonned, the support serves as an exoskeleton of the body, at least inthe supported area of the body. In this regard, with the support donnedas shown in FIG. 5, the fastening straps 154 are grasped and manuallypulled at the desired level of tension. During this tensioning, thefasteners 156 then are fastened to the bands 157 (FIG. 6) to secure thetensioned straps 154. For example, as shown in FIG.6, opposed, tensionedfastening straps 154 e, 154 f are removably fastened to the band 157 a.Tensional forces are applied by all of the fastening straps 154 atmultiple points of attachment along the opposite sides of the framework110, whereby these tensioned straps are elastically stretched, theframework 110 consequently is elastically stretched, and the surfacethereof is shaped to fit the abutted area of the body.

Additionally, it will further be appreciated by the Ordinary Artisanthat, as shown for example in FIG. 5, a particular fastening strap 154 amay apply tension to a point of attachment 158 a along side 126 of theframework 110 and that, while the integral construction of the framework110 generally conveys tensional forces from any one portion of theframework to the other portions, tension of a particular member 162 a iscorrelated with that of the fastening strap 154 a due to their sharedproximity to the point of attachment 158 a and their substantiallymutually collinear arrangement. Thus, insofar as the amount of tensionapplied to fastening strap 154 a is different from the amount of tensionapplied to fastening strap 154 b, the amount of tension in member 162 ais likewise different than the amount of tension in member 162 b.Furthermore, insofar as the amount of tension applied to fastening strap154 c is different from the amount of tension in 154 d, the tensions inmembers 162 c are likewise different from the tensions in members 162 d.Thus, the framework is capable of being adjustably stretched and itsshape thereby conformed to the abutted area of the body to provide thedesired level of support.

The Second Embodiment of a Support

With regard to the second embodiment 2000 of a support for an area of abody, the second embodiment 2000 includes a framework that is the sameas the framework 110 of the first embodiment 1000. The second embodiment2000 further is considered to include, as part thereof, sleeve 168(FIGS. 7-8) that is generally the same as sleeve 130 of FIGS. 2-3,except that the sleeve 168 is continuous and does not define openingstherein that would register with corresponding openings of the framework110. As shown in FIG. 7, sleeve 168 includes fasteners covering most ofthe entire outer surface of the sleeve. Alternatively, as shown in FIG.8, the sleeve 168 includes certain discrete areas 172 that comprise loopfasteners for receiving the hook fasteners 156 of fastening straps 154(FIG. 1) and, thus, does not include loop fasteners covering most of theentire outer surface of the sleeve as shown in FIG. 7. FIG. 9illustrates the second embodiment 2000 including the framework 110 ofFIG. 1 and the sleeve 168 of FIG. 8.

The Third Embodiment of a Support

The third embodiment 3000 of a support is shown in FIGS. 10-17 and isthe same as the first embodiment 1000 except for the following noteddifferences.

First, the embodiment 3000 includes a liner 198 (FIG. 16) that isattached directly to the framework 182 such as, for example, byplasticized welding, elastomeric welding, adhesive attachment, or bysewing. The support further includes two bands 199 a, 199 b (FIG. 16)extending between and directly attached to the two opposite sides of theframework 182.

Second, the fastening mechanism includes four fastening components, eachof which comprises a claw member 196 that is removable from (FIG. 10)and attachable to (FIG. 16) the framework 182. As shown in FIG. 10, eachclaw member 196 includes a number of fastening belts 200 joined by afastening pad 202. First faces 204 of the claw members 196 haveadjustment-fasteners 206 attached to the fastening belts 200 as shown inFIG. 10. The adjustment-fasteners 206 are adapted for engaging bands 199a, 199 b. For example, insofar as the outer surface 208 (FIG. 16) of thebands 199 a, 199 b provides loops for engaging hooks, theadjustment-fasteners 206 comprise hooks for engaging the loops inhook-and-loop couplings. Each fastening belt 200 is thereby removablyand adjustably disposed in engagement with the bands 199 a, 199 b.Furthermore, each fastening belt 200 is passed (FIG. 16) through arespective D-ring 210 (FIG. 10). Each D-ring 210 is attached to theframework 182 proximate the strut members 194 through a respectiveanchor strap 212 that also passes through the D-ring 210. Accordingly,prior to tensioning of the fastening belts 200 (discussed in thefollowing), the claw members 196 are removably and adjustably attachedto the framework 182 and bands 199 a, 199 b by way of the passing of thefastening belts 200 through the D-rings 210 and the engaging of theadjustment-fasteners 206 with the bands 199 a, 199 b. Moreover, secondfaces 214 of the claw members 196 provide tension-fasteners 216 of thefastening pads 202 for engaging the bands 199 a, 199 b. For example,insofar as the outer surface 208 (FIG. 16) of the bands 199 a, 199 bprovides loops for engaging hooks, the fasteners 206 and fasteners 216of the fastening pads 202 comprise hooks for engaging the loops inhook-and-loop couplings. Furthermore, belts 200 (FIG. 16) of the clawmembers optionally have secondary fasteners 218, such as loop-fabricareas, for engaging the tension-fasteners 216 of the fastening pads 202.Thus, the tension-fasteners 216 of the fastening pads 202 are capable ofremovably and adjustably engaging bands 199 a, 199 b directly andindirectly by way of the secondary fasteners 218 of the belts 200.

The third embodiment 3000 further provides for adjustably tensioning theframework 182 with the support donned. In this regard, the fasteningpads 202 of the claw members 196 are grasped and tension is manuallyapplied while the pads are in open positions as shown in FIG. 16,thereby tensioning the fastening belts 200. The fastening pads 202 arethen disposed into abutment with the bands 199 a, 199 b in closurepositions to engage the bands 199 a, 199 b as shown in FIG. 17. In suchclosure positions, the fastening pads 202 engage the bands 199 a, 199 bto maintain tensional forces in the fastening belts 200 and, optionally,engage the secondary fasteners 218 (FIG. 16) for further supporting themaintenance of the tensional forces. Tensional forces in the fasteningbelts 200 are conveyed by way of the respective D-rings 210 and anchorstraps 212 to the framework 182 (FIG. 13, 14). Thus, the belts of anyparticular claw member are together adjustably tensioned according tothe adjustable disposition of the fastening pad abutting and engagingthe bands 199 a, 199 b.

Note that though the belts of any particular claw member are togethertensioned according to the disposition of the pad engaging the bands(FIG. 17), each particular belt is adjustable separately from each otherbelt of the same claw according to the disposition of the particularbelt engaging the bands 199 a, 199 b (FIG. 16). Thus, different portionsof the framework 182 are capable of being adjustably stretched wherebythe shape and contour of the framework 182 may conform to the area ofthe body with which it abuts.

With regard to donning the embodiment 3000 of the support, as shown inFIGS. 11-14, an area of a body such as an appendage is passed axiallythrough the support, such as when an arm is passed into a shirt sleeveor a leg is passed into a pants sleeve. In other words, the support mustbe pulled over an appendage due to the attachment of the bands 199 a,199 b to the opposite sides of the framework 182, and cannot simply bewrapped around the area of the body to be supported.

The Fourth Embodiment of a Support

Another embodiment of a support 240 is shown in FIG. 18-22A, wherein aframework 242 extends generally in a first direction 244 and a seconddirection 246 thereby defining a surface for abutment with an area of abody spanning a hinge joint, such as the area of the knee or elbow. Theframework 242, shown as a unitary construction of interconnectedportions or members 260 forming a web, defines permanent openings 250regardless of whether the surface is in abutment with an area of a body.Strut members 252 of the support extend generally along the firstdirection 244 and are attached to the framework 242 along opposite sides254 thereof. Tensioning flaps 256 are each attached to the framework 242along the opposite sides 254.

In this embodiment 240, the framework 242 of the support 240 ispermanently attached to a sleeve 266. Examples by which the frameworkcan be attached to the sleeve include, for example, plasticized welding,elastomeric welding, adhesive attachment, and sewing. The frameworkpreferably is attached to the sleeve along the opposite sides 254 of theframework and, additionally, at least at some areas intermediate theopposite sides 254 of the framework so as to prevent creeping of thesleeve relative to the framework. In this respect, the portion of thesleeve extending between and at the opposite sides 254 serves as anddefines a liner of the framework. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 21, thesleeve extends between and beyond opposite sides 254 of the framework todefine bands 262 a, 262 b for receipt and engagement withtension-fasteners 264 of the tensioning flaps 256. For example, insofaras the tension-fasteners 264 are hook-fabric areas for engaging loops,the bands 262 a, 262 b include loop fabric areas for engaging the hooksin hook-and-loop couplings.

With regard to donning the support 240, an area of a body such as anappendage is passed axially through the liner 266 such as when an arm ispassed into a shirt sleeve or a leg into a pants sleeve. For example, anappendage such as a leg or an arm can be passed axially through thesupport such that a joint protuberance of a knee or an elbow is receivedin an opening 268 (FIG. 18-19) defined in and bounded by the framework.

With regard to tensioning the support, and particularly tensioning theframework 242, the tensioning flaps 256 are grasped and tensional forcesare manually applied while the tensioning flaps are in open positions.The tensioning flaps 256 are then moved into closed positions inabutment with the bands 262 a, 262 b such that the tension-fasteners 264of the tensioning flaps 256 fasten to the bands 262 a, 262 b. Forexample, in FIG. 21, tensioning flaps 256 a and 256 c are shown in openpositions and tensioning flaps 256 b and 256 d are shown in closedpositions. In FIGS. 20,22A tensioning flaps 256 are in closed positionsengaging the bands and maintaining tensional forces in the tensioningflaps. Such tensional forces are conveyed to the framework 242 by way ofthe integral attachment of the tensioning flaps 256 to the framework242.

In FIG. 22A, opposing pairs of tensioning flaps are removably fastenedto the bands 262 a, 262 b that extend there between. For example,fastening pads 256 a and 256 b (FIG. 22A) each removably fasten to band262 a, while fastening pads 256 c and 256 d each removably fasten toband 262 b. The framework is thereby secured in tensioned abutment withan area of a body.

In FIG. 22B, an alternative fastening mechanism is shown and includes afirst fastening component 272 a and a second fastening component 272 beach connected to a first distal side 274 of a framework, and a thirdcomponent 272 c and a fourth component 272 d each connected to a seconddistal side 276 of the framework. With this alternative fasteningmechanism, the framework engages an area of the body without anintervening liner or garment (not shown) being disposed between theframework and the body. Thus, without a garment or, in particular, aband, being present, first component 272 a and third component 272 cadjustably and removably fasten together, and second component 272 b andfourth component 272 d adjustably and removably fasten together. Thecomponents are shown as fastening together in overlapping arrangements,though other exemplary arrangements that are possible include end-to-endabutments and various other spaced arrangements of fastening by elongatefasteners such as laces, straps, or extended hook members.

A particular arrangement of elastomeric segments of the framework 602 isperhaps best illustrated with reference to FIG. 29A. As shown in FIG.29A, the framework 602 includes a first exterior lateral segment (1EL);second exterior lateral segment (2EL); first exterior transverse segment(1ET); second exterior transverse segment (2ET); first interiortransverse segment (1IT); second interior transverse segment (2IT);third interior transverse segment (3IT); fourth interior transversesegment (4IT); first interior lateral segment (1IL); second interiorlateral segment (2IL); third interior lateral segment (3IL); and fourthinterior lateral segment (4IL); fifth interior lateral segment (5IL);sixth interior lateral segment (6IL); seventh interior lateral segment(7IL); and eighth interior lateral segment (8IL).

As illustrated, the four exterior segments (1EL,2EL,1ET,2ET)collectively define a perimeter of the framework 602. Additionally, eachof the first, second, third, and fourth interior transverse segments(1IT,2IT,3IT,4IT) extends between and interconnects the first and secondexterior lateral segments (1EL,2EL); each of the first, second, fifth,and sixth interior lateral segments (1IL,2IL,5IL,6IL) extends betweenand interconnects the first exterior transverse segment (1ET) and thesecond interior transverse segment (2IT), and intersects andinterconnects the first interior transverse segment (1IT); each of thethird and fourth interior lateral segments (3IL,4IL) extends between andinterconnects the second exterior transverse segment (2ET) and thesecond interior transverse segment (2IT), and intersects andinterconnects the third and fourth interior transverse segments(3IT,4IT); and each of the seventh and eighth interior lateral segments(7IL,8IL) extends between and interconnects the second exteriortransverse segment (2ET) and the third interior transverse segment(3IT), and intersects and interconnects the fourth interior transversesegment (4IT).

Moreover, as further illustrated in FIG. 29A, an alignment opening isdefined by the second interior transverse segment (2IT), which extendsalong and bounds a top of the alignment opening; the third interiortransverse segment (3IT), which extends along and bounds a bottom of thealignment opening; the third interior lateral segment (3IL), whichextends along and bounds a first side of the alignment opening; and thefourth interior lateral segment (4IL), which extends along and bounds asecond side of the alignment opening.

This particular arrangement of elastomeric segments of the frameworkfurther is representative of, for example, the framework of FIGS. 26-29,as well as the frameworks of FIGS. 1, 10, 23, 48, and 53.

It further is explicitly recognized that left and right sides and topand bottom sides of the framework collectively define a perimeter of theframework; that the left and right sides of the perimeter of theframework comprise first and second exterior lateral segments and thatthe top and bottom sides of the perimeter of the framework comprisefirst and second exterior transverse segments.

Additionally, it is explicitly recognized that a particular segmentitself may be characterized as comprising a pluraiity of segments joinedin series. As such, each of the foregoing interior segments, forexample, may be characterized as a subset of segments, with such subsetcomprising one or more segments.

Returning to the embodiment 240 of FIGS. 1-22A, a first tensioning flap256 b (FIG. 21) applies first tensional forces along a first extent of aside of the framework 242, which first extent is adjacent members 260 bof the framework (FIG. 18). A second tensioning flap 256 d (FIG. 21)applies second tensional forces along a second extent of the side of theframework 242, which second extent is adjacent members 260 d of theframework (FIG. 18). Furthermore, it will be appreciated to the OrdinaryArtisan that, while the interconnected construction of members 260 ofthe framework 242 generally conveys tensional forces from any one memberof the framework to the other members, tensional forces of particularmembers are correlated with tensional forces of particular tensioningflaps due to proximity and directional arrangement of the members. Forexample, second members 260 d are arranged closer to the secondtensioning flap 256 d than any other tensioning flap. Furthermore,second members 260 d are formed as generally liner segments along theline of extent of the second tensioning flap 256 d. Thus, the tensionalforces in the second members 260 d are particularly correlated with thetensional forces of the second tensioning flap 256 d. Moreover, insofaras the tensional forces applied to the framework 242 by the firsttensioning flap 256 b are different from the tensional forces applied bythe second tensioning flap 256 d , the tensional forces of the firstmembers 260 b are different from the tensional forces of the secondmembers 260 d. Thus, the framework 242 is capable of being adjustablystretched and its shape thereby conformed to the abutted area of thebody.

It will be appreciated by the Ordinary Artisan that, due to theelastically stretchable nature of the framework, the support allowsflexing of a hinge joint of the body and, in fact, contributes to suchflexing. In this regard, the framework is capable of dynamically biasinga joint toward a particular state of extension or flexion. For example,the framework is capable of storing energy as a joint is bent and ofreleasing the stored energy as the joint is subsequently extended. Inthis example, one or more elastically stretchable members of theframework are increasingly tensioned and lengthen, storing kineticenergy as potential energy, as the joint is increasingly flexed and,subsequently, the elastically stretchable members are decreasinglytensioned and shorten, releasing the stored potential energy, as thejoint is extended. The released energy is thereby made available askinetic energy in movement of the knee or elbow.

In addition to the elastically stretchable framework providing jointpotentiating in the embodiment 240 of the support of FIGS. 18-22A, thestrut members 252 that extend generally along the first direction 244and that are attached to the framework 242 along opposite sides 254thereof further contribute to potentiation. In this regard, the strutmembers 252 are preferably formed from an elastomeric material having anelasticity that is different from the elastomeric material from whichthe framework is formed, whereby the side struts provide a degree ofrigidity to the framework 340. Furthermore, each strut member preferablyhas a cross-sectional dimension that varies along the strut member suchthat the strut member includes a middle portion intermediate the endportions that has a cross-sectional area that is less than therespective cross-sectional areas of the end portions, whereby each strutmember is more flexible in the middle portion than at the end portions.Each strut member also may have a density that varies along the firstdirection, wherein the density along the middle portion is less than therespective densities along the end portions, thereby making the middleportion more susceptible to hinging movement than the end portions ofthe strut member.

Side struts further may be removably attached to the support, if notintegrally formed therewith. Advantages of such side struts includesubstitution of side struts having different ranges of elasticity andflexing properties for providing the desired degrees of flexibility atthe hinge joint combined with degrees of rigidity in the first directionalong the opposite sides of the framework. The rigidity providedpreferably is focused in directions other than the direction of motionof the hinge joint. Furthermore, struts made available can allow a fullrange of motion of a joint or can permit motion of the joint in only amore limited range. For instance, resistance to flexing may be directlyproportional to the bending displacement. A side struts also oralternatively may be formed with a channel for receiving a removablestrut insert, whereby the degree of rigidity of the side strut may bevaried. The rigidity of the side strut thus may be determined accordingto the rigidity of the removable strut insert received therein.

In further regard to this, a range of struts or strut inserts may beprovided that permits a user a variety of elastic properties accordingto the choice, comfort and intention of the user. Thus, selective braceelasticity may range from very stretchable, thereby allowing full rangesof motion of a joint, to semirigid, thereby limiting the ranges ofmotion of the joint. In facilitating this, a range of struts or strutinserts may be categorized and indexed by elasticity ratings that arecorrelated with intended uses such as walking, running, squatting, andlifting. Furthermore, the range of struts or strut members may becategorized and indexed by elasticity ratings that are correlated withhuman body weights and sizes. Furthermore, the range of struts or strutmembers may even be categorized and indexed according to the dictates orsuggestions of prescriptions prepared by health care professionals.Furthermore, patterns may be imprinted in the strut members or strutinserts that further alter the elastic properties.

The Fifth Embodiment of a Support

In FIGS. 23-25, another embodiment 340 of a support is shown that issubstantially similar to the embodiment 240 of the support of FIGS.18-22A. In this regard, for example, the framework 342 of FIGS. 23-25 iscapable of storing energy as a joint is bent (FIG. 23) and of releasingthe stored energy as the joint is subsequently extended (FIG. 24). Inthis example, one or more elastically stretchable members 360 of theframework 342 are increasingly tensioned and lengthen, storing kineticenergy as potential energy, as the joint is increasingly flexed (FIG.23) and, subsequently, the elastically stretchable members 360 aredecreasingly tensioned and shorten, releasing the stored potentialenergy as kinetic energy, as the joint is extended (FIG. 24).

Similarly, strut members extend generally along and are attached to theframework along opposite sides thereof and contribute to jointpotentiation of the support. In this regard, for example, a strut member(comprising end portions 352 a,c and intermediate portion 352 b)preferably is elastically stretchable and is formed from an elastomericmaterial having an elasticity that is different from the elastomericmaterial from which the framework 342 is formed, whereby the side strutprovides some degree of rigidity along the side of the framework 342. Asshown in FIG. 23-24, the strut member has a cross-sectional dimensionthat varies along the strut member such that the cross-sectional area ofthe intermediate portion 352 b is less than the respectivecross-sectional areas of the end portions 352 a, 352 c. The reducedcross-sectional area in this example permits the strut member to be moreflexible in the middle portion than at the end portions thereof.

Different from the embodiment of the support 240, the embodiment 340 ofthe support of FIGS. 23-25 includes a removable member 370 that ispositionable proximate to a permanent opening 372 defined and completelybounded by the framework 342. When positioned as shown in FIGS. 23-25,the removable member 370 is disposed between the permanent opening 372of the framework and an area of the body to be supported. Moreover, aposterior face (not shown) of the removable member 370 is contoured toreceive a joint protuberance of the body. For example, insofar as thesupport 340 is adapted to receive an appendage such as a leg or arm, theremovable member 370, particularly the posterior face thereof, iscontoured to receive a protuberance of the knee or elbow, respectively.

With the removable member 370 positioned proximate the permanent opening372 and disposed between the opening and an area of a body, theremovable member 370 surrounds a joint protuberance and preferablycomprises an alignment ring that applies pressure along a perimeter ofthe ring to each side of the protuberance and that promote properpositioning of the protuberance and healthy joint function. Furthermore,as a consequence of the adjustable tensioning of the framework, thepressure applied by the removable member is adjustable. In oneembodiment, the removable member comprises a patellar ring shaped forreceiving, surrounding and supporting the patella (kneecap) to promotemaintenance of the kneecap in its proper position and to prevent thekneecap from dislodging from the femoral groove.

In addition to the permanent opening 372, other permanent openings 374are defined between interconnected members of the framework 342. Asshown in FIGS. 23-25, an anterior face of the removable member 370 iscontoured to receive interconnected members of the framework 342 forsecuring the removable member relative to the permanent opening 372.Likewise, the removable member extends within the permanent opening 372and may further extend within an additional opening 374 to effect aninterlocking engagement of the removable member with the framework 342.

The removable member 370 is semirigid to support a joint protuberancebut is also flexible and extensible to allow for joint motion. Theremovable member also preferably is resilient and, thus, is capable ofrepeated compression and recovery to allow for its placement into thesupport 340 and removal therefrom. For example, the removable member 370and framework 342 are optionally adapted to permit forced passage of theremovable member through the first opening 372 for manual placement andremoval of the removable member 370 even after the support is donned.Also as shown, the framework includes a liner that does not include anopening registering with the permanent opening 372 in the framework 342,and the removable member 370 is positioned through the permanent opening372 for disposition between the framework and the liner. Alternatively,the removable member may be positionable between the liner and the body;in this case, the liner preferably is sufficiently flexible to permitextension of the removable member within the opening and engagement of acontour of the removable member with one or more portions of theframework. The liner additionally may include a pocket for receiving theremovable member and retention of the removable member between theframework and the joint at the permanent opening 372. Examples ofmaterials of which the removable member can be constructed include, butare not limited to, plastics, rubber, and various other materials.

The Sixth Embodiment of a Support

In a sixth embodiment as illustrated in anterior view in FIG. 26 andposterior view in FIG. 27, an embodiment 600 of a support includes aframework 602 of interconnected, elastically stretchable members 604forming a web. The framework 602 is joined adjacent distal margins oropposite sides 606 thereof to side strut members 608 (FIG. 26) and atensioning mechanism such as tensioning flaps 610. Tension-fasteners 612(FIG. 27) of the tensioning flaps 610 are for removably fastening thesupport into abutment with an area of the body such that the area isabutted by the surface 614 of the framework. Specifically, thetension-fasteners 612 are adapted for fastening to a garment or band.For example, insofar as a garment provides loop-fabric, thetension-fasteners 612 provide hook-fabric for engaging the garment inhook-and-loop couplings. The interconnected members 604 of the frameworkdefine permanent openings 616 in the framework 602 regardless of whetherthe surface 614 is secured in abutment with an area of a body.

A removable member 618 is shown in FIGS. 26-27 positioned proximate to apermanent opening 620 defined in the framework 602. When so positioned,the removable member is disposed between the permanent opening 620 ofthe framework 602 and an area of a body to be supported. As shown inFIGS. 27,31,33, a posterior face 622 of the removable member 618,defining an opening 619 (FIGS. 30-33), is contoured to receive a jointprotuberance of the body. For example, insofar as the support 600 isadapted for the surface 614 (FIG. 27) to abut an appendage such as a legor arm, the removable member is contoured to receive a protuberance of aknee or elbow, respectively.

Additionally to the permanent opening 620, permanent openings 624 aredefined between the interconnected members 604 of the framework 602 asshown in FIG. 28. As shown in FIGS. 30-32, an anterior face 626 of theremovable member 618 is contoured to receive interconnected members ofthe framework for securing the removable member 618 relative to thepermanent opening 620. Likewise, the removable member 618 extends withinthe permanent opening 620 and permanent openings 624 to effect aninterlocking engagement of the removable member 618 with the framework602 as shown in FIG. 26.

The support also is shown without the removable member 618 in anteriorview and posterior view in FIGS. 28 and 29, respectively, in order toillustrate that the support can be utilized without the removable member618, as desired.

The Seventh Embodiment of a Support

In a seventh embodiment 700 as illustrated in posterior view in FIG. 34,a support includes a framework 702 of interconnected, elasticallystretchable members 704 forming a web. The framework 702 is joinedadjacent distal margins or opposite sides 706 thereof to a tensioningmechanism, such as tensioning flaps 710 having tension-fasteners 712 forremovably fastening the support into abutment with an area of a body.Embodiment 700 of the support of FIG. 34 is to be understood as similarto that of the support of FIGS. 26-27. In a prominent difference betweenthese two embodiments, however, embodiment 700 includes two tensioningflaps 710 and two tension-fasteners 712 (FIG. 34), each of which extendsalong the entire length of the framework in the first direction, whileembodiment 600 includes four tensioning flaps 610 and fourtension-fasteners 612 (FIG. 27), pairs of which are spaced along thelength of the framework in the first direction.

The Eighth Embodiment of a Support

In an eighth embodiment 800 as illustrated in posterior view in FIG. 35and anterior view in FIG. 36, a support includes a framework 802 ofinterconnected, elastically stretchable members 804 forming a web. Theframework is joined adjacent distal margins or opposite sides 806 a, 806b thereof to a tensioning mechanism, such as respective tensioning flaps810 a, 810 b. The tensioning flaps adjustably and removably fastentogether for maintaining the support 800 in abutment with an area of abody, by encircling the body without regard to any garment or band. Whenthe support 800 is fully encircled about the body (not shown), thetensioning flap 810 b overlaps the tensioning flap 810 a such that thetension-fastener 812 b (FIG. 35) overlaps and engages thetension-fastener 812 a (FIG. 36). For example, insofar as thetension-fastener 812 a is a loop-fabric area for engaging hooks, thetension-fastener 812 b is a hook-fabric area for engaging the loops inhook-and-loop couplings. In this regard, the support 800 of FIGS. 35-36is to be understood as similar to the support 270 of FIG. 22B. Aprominent difference between these embodiments is understood by notingthat tensioning flaps 810 a, 810 b and tension-fasteners 812 a, 812 b(FIG. 35, FIG. 36) are each continuous and uninterrupted while thefastening components 272 a, 272 b (FIG. 22A) are spaced by arcuatecutouts.

The Ninth Embodiment of a Support

A ninth embodiment 900 is illustrated in FIGS. 37-38, wherein thesupport is to be understood as similar to the support 340 of FIGS.23-25. A prominent difference between these embodiments is understood bynoting that the permanent openings 372,374 of embodiment 340 (FIG. 18)are defined between elastically stretchable portions or members that areformed as generally linear segments, whereas the permanent openings 902of embodiment 900 (FIGS. 37-38) are defined between elasticallystretchable portions that are more arcuately formed such that theopenings 902 defined in the framework are generally elliptical andcircular in shape. Embodiment 900 further includes a removable member904 disposed in interlocking engagement with the framework 906 thatincludes a surface 908 for bearing a marking, such as, for example, thetrademark BIKE. Other examples of markings include personal names andpreferences; identifications or depictions of popular characters, suchas particular athletes; and indications of left and right fordifferentiating supports for different sides of the body.

The Tenth Embodiment of a Support

A tenth embodiment 10000 of a support is illustrated in FIG. 39, whereinthe support is to be understood as similar to the support 340 of FIGS.23-25. The tenth embodiment 10000 differs in that the support includesadditional tensioning members in the form of rotary closure devices1010, 1020. Such closure devices are utilized for additionallytensioning the framework in its abutment with the supported area of thebody. Such general closure devices 1010, 1020 further include ratchetingmechanisms and are well known in general for other applications outsideof the present invention, and are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat.No. 5,042,177 to Schoch, titled “Rotary Closure for a Sports Shoe,Especially a Ski Shoe,” which patent is hereby incorporated herein byreference. Each closure device 1010, 1020 is similar to the other, andeach includes two tensioning lines that extend from one side of theframework to the other. Thus, for example, as shown in FIG. 39, tensionline 1030 extends over and back across band 1050, and tension line 1040extends over and back across band 1050 (which includes Velcro(tm)fasteners for fastening of the flaps 1060, 1070). Each tension lineextends through a loop secured to the other side of the framework, andanchors back at the side of the closure devices 1010, 1020. Accordingly,by ratcheting the closure devices and selectively drawing the tensionlines therein, the opposite sides of the framework are drawn toward oneanother in defined increments for micro adjustment of the support.Closure device 1010 includes a corresponding arrangement (not shown).

The Eleventh Embodiment of a Support

An eleventh embodiment 11000 of a support is illustrated in FIG. 40 andincludes an exposed, elastically stretchable framework 1110, which issimilar to the frameworks discussed above with the other embodiments.Unlike the embodiments discussed in detail to this point, however, theframework 1110 is directly and permanently attached to a sleeve 1120(portions of which are seen through the framework openings in FIG. 40),and the framework 1110 itself completely encircles the body. Theembodiment 11000 further does not include a fastening mechanism thatremovably fastens to a garment for adjustably tensioning of theframework. In this regard, the embodiment 11000 of the support issimpler to use. The sleeve 1120 also preferably is air permeable forventilation of the covered area of the body.

To don this support, one need only pull the support over one's foot andup one's leg and position the knee protuberance within the protuberanceopening 1150 of the framework. To assist in pulling (both on and off),the support includes pull tab 1130 (generally for pulling the supporton) and pull tab 1140 (generally for pulling the support off).

The Twelfth Embodiment of a Support

A twelfth embodiment 12000 of a support is illustrated in FIG. 41 andincludes an elastically stretchable framework 1210 like the one of FIG.40. Framework 1210 is permanently attached to a sleeve 1220 (portions ofwhich are seen through the framework openings in FIG. 41), and theframework 1210 itself completely encircles the body. The embodiment12000 further does not include a fastening mechanism that removablyfastens to a garment for adjustably tensioning of the framework. In thisregard, the embodiment 12000 of the support is simpler to use. Thesleeve 1220 also preferably is air permeable for ventilating of thecovered area of the body.

To don this support, one need only pull the support over one's hand andup one's arm and position the elbow protuberance within the protuberanceopening 1250 of the framework.

The Thirteenth Embodiment of a Support

A thirteenth embodiment 13000 of a support is illustrated in FIG. 42 andis the same in overall construction as the twelfth embodiment 12000.Indeed, the thirteenth embodiment 13000 differs principally only in thatthe axial length of the support is less than that of the twelfthembodiment 12000, as is readily apparent from a comparison of FIG. 41and FIG. 42.

The Fourteenth Embodiment of a Support

A fourteenth embodiment 14000 of a support is illustrated in FIG. 43 andrepresents a forearm sleeve in accordance with the invention. Thisembodiment 14000 is similar to the embodiments of FIGS. 41-42 with thenotable exception that the forearm sleeve does not span the elbow of thebody but, rather, simply spans an extent covering the forearm below theelbow. As such, the elastically stretchable framework 1410 does notinclude a protuberance opening, but framework 1410 does include theplurality of permanent openings and is permanently attached to thesleeve. A similar, additional embodiment somewhat shorter in length (notshown) comprises a shin sleeve that is dimensioned to be worn just belowthe knee.

The Fifteenth Embodiment of a Support

A fifteenth embodiment 15000 of a support is illustrated in FIG. 44 andincludes a shirt with sleeves, each of which includes an elasticallystretchable framework 1510, 1520. Moreover, each framework 1510, 1520corresponds to the framework 1210 of the twelfth embodiment 12000described above and disclosed in FIG. 41.

The Sixteenth Embodiment of a Support

A sixteenth embodiment 16000 of a support is illustrated in FIG. 45 andis the same as the shirt of FIG. 44 except that the frameworks 1610,1620 of the sleeves are joined by an intermediate framework 1630 thatextends across the midsection of the shirt and that abuts an area of thetorso of the body. This intermediate framework 1630 serves not only toaesthetically join the frameworks 1610, 1620 of the sleeves together,but further serves to support areas of the shoulders and torso of thebody, as well. Furthermore, intermediate framework 1630 preferablydefines permanent openings therein and is formed from elasticallystretchable portions, just as frameworks 1610, 1620.

The Seventeenth Embodiment of a Support

A seventeenth embodiment 17000 of a support is illustrated in FIG. 46and includes an elastically stretchable framework 1710, 1720, each ofwhich is permanently attached to a respective sleeve of the pants.Furthermore, this embodiment 17000 includes an intermediate framework1730 that extends between the sleeves of the pants to join to twoframeworks 1710, 1720 together. The intermediate framework furtherserves to support additional areas of the body, including areas of thehips and buttocks. Framework 1730 also preferably defines permanentopenings therein, and is formed from elastically stretchable portions,just as frameworks 1710, 1720.

The Eighteenth Embodiment of a Support

An eighteenth embodiment 18000 of a support is illustrated in FIG. 47and represents the embodiment of FIG. 45 and the embodiment of FIG. 46,wherein the frameworks of these two embodiments are joined together andthe shirt and pants are integrally manufactured to form a jumpsuit.

The Nineteenth Embodiment of a Support

With regard to the nineteenth embodiment of a support for an area of abody as shown in FIG. 54, a component thereof comprising a flexible andelastically stretchable framework 2010 is shown in further detail inFIGS. 48-51. With reference to FIG. 48, the framework 2010 comprisesgenerally linear segments or members that are interconnected to define aplurality of permanent openings that extend completely through theframework. Exemplary interconnected members 2020 and permanent openings2030 defined thereby are illustrated in FIG. 48.

Furthermore, some of these openings 2030 are completely bounded by theinterconnected members 2020, and the interconnected members 2020defining such an opening constitute a portion of the framework 2010 thatis stretchable and recoverable about the entire boundary of the openingwith the framework 2010. Moreover, the openings 2030 are permanent andexist regardless of whether the framework 2010 actually is disposed inabutment with the body due to the permanent interconnection of themembers 2020 defining the openings 2030.

The framework 2010 preferably is formed from an elastomeric material ina conventional molding process and, in this particular embodiment, theframework 2010 resembles a web. Furthermore, the framework preferablyincludes no internal cavities or pockets of either fluid or gas, i.e.,the interconnected members 2020 of the framework 2010 preferably havesolid cross-sections.

An alignment opening 2040 defined and bounded completely byinterconnected members 2020 of the framework 2010 is dimensioned andshaped specifically to receive a joint protuberance of the body. Forexample, insofar as the framework 2010 is adapted to abut a lower thighand upper calf of a human leg, the alignment opening 2040 is shaped toreceive the patella of the knee of the leg. For further example, insofaras a framework of the present invention is adapted for the surfacethereof to abut an upper arm and forearm, an alignment opening thereofis shaped to receive an elbow. The alignment opening 2040 issymmetrically disposed about an axis of the framework 2010 and isdisposed generally equidistant from opposite sides 2050,2060 of theframework 2010, which sides extend generally parallel to the axis.

As will be appreciated from these figures, the framework 2010 ispositioned to span a knee joint of the body. Furthermore, because atleast portions of the framework 2010 are elastically stretchable,flexing of the knee from a straightened position results in theexpansion of the framework 2010 and storage of potential energy thereinthat is released as kinetic energy when the knee is returned to thestraightened position. In this regard, the nineteenth embodiment of thesupport of the present invention is not an immobilizing support but,instead, is a potentiating support for the area of the body includingthe knee joint.

As further illustrated with reference to FIG. 48, the nineteenthembodiment of the support of the present invention further includesstrut members 2510,2520 that extend generally along adjacent respective,opposite sides 2050,2060 of the framework 2010. Each strut member2510,2520 is formed integrally with and embedded within the framework2010 and, preferably, is molded from an elastomeric material having agreater degree of rigidity than the elastomeric material from which theframework 2010 is molded. As further illustrated in FIG. 49, the strutmembers 2510,2520 extend through the framework 2010 and are visible fromboth the front and rear views of the framework 2010, the framework 2010preferably having been molded about preformed strut members 2050,2060 ina multi-step injection molding process. Each strut member 2510,2520thereby serves to provide a degree of rigidity to the two sides2050,2060 of the framework 2010, i.e., provides a measure of rigidityalong the perimeter sides 2050,2060 extending in the direction of thelength of the strut members. Furthermore, each strut member 2510,2520preferably includes a configuration that varies along the respectivestrut member for providing varying degrees of flexibility and rigidityto the framework 2010.

In this regard, each strut member preferably includes a middle portion2530 having a triangular configuration that is more rigid, respectively,than adjacent portions 2540,2550 of the strut member, whereby adouble-hinge is formed at the junctions of the middle portion 2530 withthe adjacent portions 2540,2550. Moreover, the middle portion 2530 islocated proximate the intended location of a hinge joint when thesupport is donned whereby the double-hinge operates adjacent the body'shinge joint. The design of the double-hinge in the strut member isbelieved to better enable the support to remain correctly positionedwith respect to the body's hinge joint during extension and contractionthereof.

In order to increase the relative differences in rigidity between themiddle portion 2530 and the adjacent portions 2540,2550 of each strutmember, the configuration of the adjacent portions 2540,2550 includes azig-zag configuration that promotes bending of the sides of the supportin the direction of bending movement of the hinge joint of the body thatis spanned, but that resists bending in a direction transverse thereto.Furthermore, these adjacent portions 2540,2550 of each strut memberpreferably do not extend to the ends of the strut members but, rather,only serve to connect end portions 2560,2570 of each strut member to themiddle portion of the strut member, and the end portions 2560,2570preferably exhibit yet even greater resistance to bending in alldirections than the adjacent portions 2540,2550. Moreover, as shown, theend portions 2560,2570 of each strut members encircle and further defineopenings through which the fastening mechanism extends for tensioning ofthe framework 2010, as discussed in greater detail below.

As will be evident from the drawings, each strut member 2510,2520 islocated along the axial extent at opposite sides 2050,2060 of theframework 2010 so as to span the hinge joint of the knee, with themiddle portion of each strut member being disposed proximate the hingeaxis of the knee. Each strut member 2510,2520 and, in particular, theadjacent portions 2540,2550 on either side of the middle portion 2530,preferably is expandable and recoverable between a first initial stateand extended states wherein, when expanded to an extended state duringflexing of the knee joint, the strut member stores potential energy thatis released as kinetic energy upon return of the strut member to theinitial state. Thus, the nineteenth embodiment of the support of thepresent invention further comprises a potentiating support for the areaof the body, including the knee joint, for this reason as well.

Another component of the nineteenth embodiment of the support as shownin FIG. 54 comprises a fastening mechanism 2070. The fastening mechanismis illustrated in greater detail in FIG. 52 and includes a middleportion 2080 that is designed for disposition between the framework 2010and the body when the support is donned to thereby serve as a liner forthe framework 2010. The fastening mechanism further includes fasteningstraps 2090,2095 that are integrally formed with the middle portion2080. Straps 2090 include areas of loops 2150 for engaging hooks, andstraps 2095 include areas of hooks for engaging the area of the loops2150 in hook-and-loop couplings. Accordingly, the fastening mechanismmay be securely attached to a portion of a body by completely encirclingthe body with the straps 2090,2095 and the coupling of the straps2090,2095 in hook-and-look engagements.

Moreover, the framework 2010 of the support is securely attached to theportion of the body in this manner by first passing of the straps2090,2095 through openings 2200 (FIG. 51) defined by the framework 2010and end portions of the strut members as show in FIG. 54. Additionally,grooves 2900 are provided that are integrally formed with the framework2010 for receiving the straps in their extension immediately from theseopenings 2200. It further will be appreciated that by utilizing thefastening mechanism 2070 of the support, the framework 2010 can betensioned in its abutment with the body and, moreover, the tension withwhich the surface of the framework is disposed in abutment with the areaof the body to be supported can be adjusted as desired.

When donned, the support serves as an exoskeleton of the body, at leastin the supported area of the body. In this regard, with the supportdonned, each of the fastening straps 2090,2095 may be individuallygrasped and manually pulled at desired levels of tension. Alternatively,the fastening mechanism shown with regard to the third embodiment of thesupport of the present invention may be utilized with the framework2010, with the simple modification that each claw member include onlytwo fastening belts rather than three fastening belts as shown in FIG.10.

A variation of the framework 2010 also is shown in FIG. 53. Theframework 3010 of FIG. 53 is substantially the same as the framework2010 except for interconnected members 3020 that span what otherwisewould be the alignment opening 2040 of framework 2010. Theseinterconnected members preferably are stretchable and recoverable andsubstantially the same as the interconnected members defining framework2010, e.g., interconnected members 2020.

Preferred Manufacturing Method

The supports of the invention and, in particular, the embodimentscollectively shown in FIGS. 1-39 and 48-54, preferably are manufacturedin injection molding processes, whereby the various components of eachembodiment of the support, including, inter alia, the framework andstrut members, are integrally formed from elastomeric materials. Theinjection molding processes preferably comprise, for each support,multi-step injection molding, whereby each component can be formed fromdifferent elastomeric materials having different elastic stretchabilityeven though the components are integrally constructed. In particular,the strut members can be formed through injection molding of a firstelastomeric material, and then the framework can be formed throughinjection molding of a second elastomeric material about the strutmembers. This is particularly useful in manufacturing embodiments havingstrut members that are intended to provide a degree of rigidity to sideareas of the framework. This process further results in the appearanceof a singularly molded framework having the aforementioned aspects ofthe invention that can be readily made in efficient and cost effectivemanner.

1. A potentiating support for an area of a body, comprising: (a) aframework having a surface for abutment with an area of a body, wherein,(i) said framework defines a plurality of permanent openings in saidsurface extending completely through said framework and being bounded bysaid framework, (ii) said framework, along its entire boundary with atleast one of said openings, is elastically stretchable between a firstinitial state and extended states, (iii) said framework is flexible,elastically stretchable and comprises an integrally molded network ofinterconnected, elongate elastomeric segments, and includes: (A) leftand right sides comprising first and second exterior lateral segmentsand top and bottom sides comprising first and second exterior transversesegments, which left, right, bottom and top sides collectively define aperimeter of the framework, (B) first, second, third, and fourthinterior, mutually exclusive subsets of transverse segments, each ofwhich extends between and interconnects the left and right sides of theperimeter of the framework, (C) first and second interior, mutuallyexclusive subsets of lateral segments, each of which extends between andinterconnects the top side of the perimeter of the framework and thesecond interior subset of transverse segments, and each of whichintersects and interconnects the first interior subset of transversesegments, and (D) third and fourth interior, mutually exclusive subsetsof lateral segments, each of which extends between and interconnects thebottom side of the perimeter of the framework and the second interiorsubset of transverse segments, and each of which intersects andinterconnects the third and fourth interior subsets of transversesegments, (E) wherein each subset of segments comprises one or moresegments; (b) a fastening mechanism connected proximate each of saidleft and right sides of said framework for tensioning said surface ofsaid framework in abutment with the area of the body.
 2. Thepotentiating support of claim 1, wherein said framework, along itsentire boundary with each of a plurality of said openings, iselastically stretchable between a first initial state and extendedstates and, when expanded to a said extended state, said frameworkstores potential energy that is released as kinetic energy upon itsreturn to said initial state.
 3. The potentiating support of claim 1,wherein said framework comprises an exposed framework of the support. 4.The potentiating support of claim 1, wherein said framework includes nointernal cavity.
 5. The potentiating support of claim 1, wherein saidframework comprises a semirigid framework.
 6. The potentiating supportof claim 1, wherein said framework comprises a molded structure.
 7. Thepotentiating support of claim 1, wherein said framework has a four sidedperimeter.
 8. The potentiating support of claim 7, wherein portions ofsaid framework that are flexible, stretchable and recoverable definesaid openings of said framework.
 9. The potentiating support of claim 8,wherein certain of said portions of said framework defining a respectivesaid opening each has substantially the same elastic stretchability inthe area of said respective opening.
 10. The potentiating support ofclaim 8, wherein certain of said portions of said framework defining arespective said opening are substantially similar in cross-section. 11.The potentiating support of claim 8, wherein certain of said portions ofsaid framework defining a respective said opening are substantiallysimilar in thickness.
 12. The potentiating support of claim 8, wherein aplurality of flexible, expandable and recoverable segments of anelastomeric material constitute said portions of said framework definingsaid openings.
 13. The potentiating support of claim 12, wherein saidsegments are interconnected to define a web.
 14. The potentiatingsupport of claim 13, wherein said segments comprise generally linearsegments interconnected at distal ends thereof to define said web. 15.The potentiating support of claim 1, wherein said openings aresymmetrically disposed about an axis of symmetry of said framework. 16.The potentiating support of claim 1, wherein said openings in saidframework have different configurations and dimensions.
 17. Thepotentiating support of claim 16, wherein at least one of said openingshas a generally oval configuration.
 18. The potentiating support ofclaim 16, wherein at least one of said openings has a generallypolygonal configuration.
 19. The potentiating support of claim 16,wherein the ratio of the total area of said openings to the totalsurface area of said surface of said framework is 50% or greater. 20.The potentiating support of claim 1, wherein said fastening mechanismcomprises a first component attached to a first of said left and rightsides of said framework and a second component attached to a second ofsaid left and right sides of said framework, said first and secondcomponents being adapted to removably fasten together for expanding saidframework and tensioning said surface of said framework in abutment withthe area of the body.
 21. A potentiating support for an area of a body,comprising: (a) a framework having flexible, expandable and recoverablesegments that are permanently interconnected to define a plurality ofbounded openings extending completely through said framework, whereinsaid framework is flexible, elastically stretchable and comprises anintegrally molded network of interconnected, elongate elastomericsegments, and includes: (i) left and right sides comprising first andsecond exterior lateral segments and top and bottom sides comprisingfirst and second exterior transverse segments, which left, right, bottomand top sides collectively define a perimeter of the framework, (ii)first, second, third, and fourth interior, mutually exclusive subsets oftransverse segments, each of which extends between and interconnects theleft and right sides of the perimeter of the framework, (iii) first andsecond interior, mutually exclusive subsets of lateral segments, each ofwhich extends between and interconnects the top side of the perimeter ofthe framework and the second interior subset of transverse segments, andeach of which intersects and interconnects the first interior subset oftransverse segments, and (iv) third and fourth interior, mutuallyexclusive subsets of lateral segments, each of which extends between andinterconnects the bottom side of the perimeter of the framework and thesecond interior subset of transverse segments, and each of whichintersects and interconnects the third and fourth interior subsets oftransverse segments, (v) wherein each subset of segments comprises oneor more segments; (b) a fastening mechanism connected to said frameworkproximate each of said left and right sides of said framework fortensioning said surface of said framework in abutment with the area ofthe body.
 22. The potentiating support of claim 1, further comprising anadditional tensioning member comprising a rotary closure device attachedto one of said left and right sides of said framework and a tensioningline extending therefrom and attached to the other of said left andright sides of said framework, wherein actuation of said rotary closuredevice selectively draws said opposite sides of said framework togetherfor adjustment of the tension in said framework.
 23. The potentiatingsupport of claim 22, wherein said openings extend completely throughsaid framework.
 24. The potentiating support of claim 22, wherein saidrotary closure device has a ratcheting mechanism, wherein ratcheting ofsaid rotary closure device selectively draws said left and right sidesof said framework together in defined increments for incrementaladjustment of the tension in said framework.
 25. The potentiatingsupport of claim 24, wherein said rotary closure device comprises acrank.
 26. The potentiating support of claim 24, wherein said tensioningline extends back and forth between said left and right sides of saidframework.
 27. The potentiating support of claim 26, wherein saidtensioning line extends through a loop secured to said side of saidframework that is opposite to said side to which said rotary closuredevice is attached.
 28. The potentiating support of claim 1, furthercomprising an additional tensioning member comprising a ratchetingmechanism and a tensioning line attached to said framework, whereinactuation of said ratcheting mechanism selectively draws said tensioningline and additionally tensions said framework in defined increments foradjustment of the tension in said framework.
 29. The potentiatingsupport of claim 21, further comprising two tensioning members, eachtensioning member comprising a ratcheting mechanism and a tensioningline attached to said framework, wherein actuation of each ratchetingmechanism selectively draws said respective tensioning line andadditionally tensions said framework in defined increments forincremental adjustment of the tension in said surface of said framework.